Submucosal lipoma simulating a malignant tumor of the left colon: a case report / Lipoma submucoso simulando tumor maligno de cólon esquerdo: relato de caso

Intestinal lipomas can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, and these tumors are more frequent in the colon. By being largely asymptomatic, colonic lipomas are usually found incidentally, as findings in colonoscopy examinations, in association with biopsy. Endoscopic or surgical resection is the therapeutic option, depending on the size of the tumor, its location, and the presence or absence of symptoms. In this study, we present a case of a 59-year old woman, with a descending colon lipoma histologically diagnosed only after surgical resection of the lesion. The approach was adopted according to the patient's clinical picture (intestinal bleeding, vomiting and weight loss), in addition to the occlusion of 80% of the colonic lumen observed in a colonoscopy.

Os lipomas intestinais podem ocorrer em qualquer parte do trato gastrointestinal, sendo mais frequente no cólon. Por serem em grande parte assintomáticos, os lipomas colônicos são usualmente encontrados acidentalmente como achados de exame de colonoscopia associada à biópsia. Como opções de tratamento, há a ressecção endoscópica ou cirúrgica, a depender do tamanho do tumor, sua localização e presença (ou não) de sintomas. Nesse relato, é apresentado um caso de uma mulher de 59 anos com lipoma de cólon descendente, diagnosticado histologicamente apenas após ressecção cirúrgica da lesão. A conduta foi adotada pelo quadro clínico de enterorragia, vômitos e perda ponderal, além da oclusão de 80% da luz do cólon observada em exame de colonoscopia.

Producción científica brasileña acerca de las dimensiones de la vulnerabilidad y salud del niño / Brazilian scientific production about the dimensions of vulnerability and child health

La vulnerabilidad es un indicador de iniquidad y de desigualdad social y debe tener en cuenta las dimensiones relativas al individuo y al lugar social que ocupa. El objetivo propuesto es presentar la producción científica brasileña sobre vulnerabilidad y salud del niño destacando asuntos relevantes para la práctica de la salud pública. Se realizó una revisión integradora de los artículos publicados en las bases de datos presentes en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud/BIREME, entre enero de 2003 y mayo de 2013. Se utilizó el término aislado vulnerabilidad y la palabra clave salud del niño. Se realizó el cruzamiento de ambos terminos seleccionando el método integrado, todos los índices, todas las fuentes. Los cinco artículos seleccionados presentaron reflexiones sobre la vulnerabilidad individual y destaca al niño como ser humano en proceso incipiente en el mundo, en fase de crecimiento y desarrollo físico, mental, cognitivo, emocional y afectivo. También sobre la vulnerabilidad social, señalados los factores contextuales y agravios a la salud del niño; y la vulnerabilidad programática del niño asociada a la planificación y administración de las acciones de salud. Concluimos que la escasez de artículos demuestra fragilidad en las investigaciones sobre el tema yrepercute en el conocimiento disponible sobre las dimensiones del cuidado. Los hallazgos permiten aproximaciones entre la vulnerabilidad y el complejo familiar, económico, comunitario y político, donde el niño está insertado y señala posibilidades de intervención que pueden calificar el cuidado y atención a ese grupo poblacional(AU)

Vulnerability is an indicator of social inequity and inequality and should take into account the dimensions related to the individual and its social place. The objective was to present the Brazilian scientific production on vulnerability and child health and to underline relevant topics for public health practice. A comprehensive review of articles published from January 2003 to May 2013 was made in the data bases of the Virtual Library of Health database/BIREME. The single term vulnerability and the keyword child health were used. Both terms were then crossed, selecting comprehensive method, all the indexes and all the sources. The five selected articles showed reflections on the individual vulnerability, stressed the child as a human being in incipient process in the world, in development phase, and in physical, mental, cognitive, emotional and affectionate development. They also referred social vulnerability, the contextual factors and the insults to child´s health, and the programmatic vulnerability of the child associated to health action planning and management. It is then concluded that shortage of articles shows weaknesses in research studies on the topic, which has an impact on the available knowledge about the care dimensions. The findings allow approaching vulnerability to the family, economic, community and political complex where the child is involved and point out the intervention possibilities that may qualify the care of and attention to this population group(AU)

Incidência de entorse de tornozelo em atletas de futebol portadores da síndrome da hipermobilidade articular / Incidence of ankle sprains in soccer players with joint hypermobility syndrome

OBJETIVO: Foram acompanhados 83 atletas, com idade entre 14 e 19 anos, das categorias de base de um clube de futebol da cidade de Belo Horizonte, durante a temporada de 2009. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo observacional tipo coorte, no qual esses atletas foram separados aleatoriamente, em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro composto por portadores de síndrome da hipermobilidade articular (SHA) totalizando 22 jogadores, e o segundo como grupo controle com 61 atletas não portadores, após a realização de exame físico. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos foram estudados quanto à incidência de entorses de tornozelo. Ao final desse período, foi feita a compilação dos dados e sua análise estatística. Foi registrado um total de 43 lesões no tornozelo por entorse, sendo nove episódios em portadores da SHA, perfazendo um p = 0,106. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que em nosso estudo não houve evidências suficientes para afirmarmos que exista associação entre o aumento na incidência de entorse em tornozelo em pacientes com a SHA.

OBJECTIVE: Eighty-three soccer players aged between 14 and 19 years, in the basic category of a professional soccer club in the city of Belo Horizonte, were followed up during the 2009 season. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, in which these soccer players were divided randomly into two groups. The first consisted of individuals with joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS), totaling 22 players, and the second was a control group with 61 players without this syndrome, determined through a physical examinati. RESULTS: Both groups were studied with regard to incidence of ankle sprains. At the end of this period, the data were compiled and statistical analysis was performed. A total of 43 cases of ankle injury due to sprains were recorded, of which nine episodes were in players with JHS, thus making p = 0.106. The significance level was 5%. CONCLUSION: We were able to conclude that in our study there was insufficient evidence to assert that there is an association with increased incidence of ankle sprains among patients with JHS .

Estudo radiomorfológico do tendão fibular longo junto ao osso cuboide / Radiomorphological study of the peroneus longus tendon adjacent to the cuboid bone

OBJETIVO: Relatar os aspectos morfológicos e avaliar, radiograficamente, o segmento do tendão do músculo fibular longo em contato com o osso cuboide, em cadáveres, e relatar a incidência do ossículo fibular em seu interior, utilizando-se, em alguns casos, da análise histológica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 50 segmentos tendinosos, sendo radiografados para determinar a presença ou não de ossículo acessório no interior do tendão. As peças nas quais a presença era duvidosa foram seccionadas e submetidas a avaliação macroscópica. Nos casos em que ainda persistiam dúvidas, as peças foram histologicamente avaliadas em hematoxilina-eosina. Um segmento que demonstrou a presença de ossificação também foi analisado histologicamente, a título de ilustração. RESULTADOS: Todos os fragmentos apresentavam dilatação fusiforme na área de curvatura sob o cuboide. Após o estudo radiográfico, 29 desses fragmentos não tinham ossificação, 13 tinham ossificação e 8 eram duvidosos. Após a análise macroscópica, uma peça apresentou ossificação e cinco, não. As duas peças restantes continuaram indefinidas, sendo então analisadas histologicamente, e não se observou ossificação. CONCLUSÃO: Todas as peças demonstraram espessamento local na curvatura sob o cuboide. Entretanto, após análise quantitativa, nos dois casos submetidos ao estudo histológico foi verificado que o tendão era composto de fibrocartilagem e revestido por cartilagem hialina na superfície de contato com o osso. Assim, os segmentos apresentaram o ossículo fibular do ponto de vista morfológico em 28%, e do ponto de vista radiográfico, em 26% dos casos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe morphological aspects, and radiographically evaluate the segment of the peroneus longus tendon adjacent to the cuboid bone, in cadavers, and reporting the incidence of a fibular ossicle, in some cases with the help of histological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty tendon segments were evaluated and radiographed for determining the presence or absence of an accessory ossicle inside the tendon. The specimens where such presence was dubious were sectioned and submitted to macroscopic evaluation. In the cases where doubts persisted, the specimens were submitted to hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological analysis. One specimen where the accessory ossicle had been detected was also histologically evaluated for illustration purposes. RESULTS: All the specimens presented a fusiform dilatation of the area under the arc of the cuboid bone. Radiographic images demonstrated 29 specimens without ossification, 13 with ossification and 8 were doubtful. After macroscopic analysis, only one presented ossification, five did not, and two remained dubious, being submitted to histological analysis that demonstrated no ossification. CONCLUSION: All the specimens presented focal thickening of the tendon under the arc of the cuboid bone. However, quantitative analysis of both specimens submitted to histological evaluation demonstrated that the tendon consisted of fibrocartilaginous tissue lined by hyaline cartilage on the surface of contact with the bone. Thus, under the morphological point of view, fibular ossicle was found in 28% of cases, and, under the radiographic point of view, in 26%.

Rotura em alça de balde simultânea dos meniscos no mesmo joelho / Simultaneous ôbucket-handleõ tear of both menisci on the same knee

Rotura em alça de balde de ambos os meniscos do mesmo joelho é um fenômeno raro. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente em que a ressonância magnética demonstrou rotura em "alça de balde" dos meniscos medial e lateral do mesmo joelho, associada a rotura do ligamento cruzado anterior, confirmado por videoartroscopia. A ressonância magnética demonstra sinais que permitem o diagnóstico preciso.

Simultaneous bucket-handle tear of menisci on the same knee is a rare phenomenon. We describe a case of a bucket-handle tear of menisci and tear of anterior cruciate ligament of the same knee showed on magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed by arthroscopy. The magnetic resonance imaging can provide accurate diagnosis of this type of injury.

13C-urea breath test for the detection of H. pylori infection in children: determination of the cut-off point by a graphic method not depending on the gold standard

Background: validation of 13C-urea breath test (UBT) in children has been troublesome, The aim of the study was to determine the cut-off value of UBT in childhood using a graphic method and not depending on comparison to the gold standard, Methods: Open, prospective study. The authors studied 84 healthy children [44 (52por cento) female, mean age 6 years (min. 8 mo, max. 12y.0)]. UBT (IRIS, Wagner Analysen-Technik, Bremen, Germany) was perfomed using a dose of 50 mg of 13-C-urea for children up to seven years of age and of 75 mg for children older than seven. breath samples were collected before and 25 (T15), 30(T30) and 45 (T45) min after ingestion of the isotope. Mathematical analysis (log transformation for condensation of the results, Gaussian distribution and Ryan-Joiner normality test) and visual graphic analysis were performed for the determination of the cut-off point Results: According to the graphical and mathematical analysis, the cut-off value was determined to be 40/00 DOB (delta over baseline) at T30 and located at more than 3 SD from the mean for the low urease activity group and at 2.94 SD from the mean for the high urease activity group. 22 children (26por cento) were consideres positiv and 62 (74por cento) negative. Conclusion: This siple low-cost methodology can establish a reliable cut-off point for children, with high sensitivity and specificity. The procedure does not require the use of a comparative method or of a gold standard. Moreover, this practical tool can also be used by the laboratories to monitor UBT perfomance over time